Transformative Process

Introduction Communication is a major requisite for unity, stability, social, economic and political development of a society. Equally important is the means and avenues through which communication between and among individuals and groups takes place. Importance of reliable means of communication is hinged on the premise that it is one thing to have the right information but if you do not have reliable medium of passing on your message(s) to the right recipient in the right way and at the right time it is impossible to communicate.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Transformative Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, sender, information, medium and recipient of a message are the most important fundamental components for efficient and effective communication at interpersonal as well as public levels. Therefore, mass media including newspapers, magazines, televisions, radio and now the interne t and social networks like Facebook and Twitter play a very significant role of enabling efficient and effective communication. The aim of this paper is to find out how approaches to the study of content provide communication researchers with insights into transformative elements of the communicative process that they otherwise would not have. Communication as a Process Communication is no doubt an important human activity that is vital in the study and understanding of their behaviour in whatever they undertake in social, economic and political spheres of life. In another sense communication is a process that involves passing on meaningful information in terms of news, ideas and messages. A sender, a medium, information to be shared and an intended receiver consist of the basic requirements of communication. It is noteworthy that the recipient does not necessarily need to be present or know of the sender’s plan to pass on a piece of communication. As a result, communication takes place across huge distances in space and time. For instance, in our contemporary world information about happenings in one part of the world is relayed to remote places of world continents almost on a real time basis thanks to advancements made by man in the area of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) during the 19th and 20th Century. Efficient and effective human communication whether oral, written, nonverbal or visual communication requires that the communicating parties shares an area of communicative harmony. Therefore, the communication process can only be regarded as complete when the addressee of the information has comprehended the sender and given back the necessary feedback where it is needed and possible.Advertising Looking for term paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Written communication varies in terms of layout, language, tone and more important content which car ry most of the meaning intending to be communicated by the sender. This fact explains why articles on a similar event or issue featuring in two different newspapers may be understood by various news consumers differently. Hence presentation of a report or a story about a similar event or happening by two journalists influences what readers think and how they think about it in different ways. Therefore, studying the implication of the content aspect of information in communication studies is a major area of academic concern for communication researchers. How approaches to the study of content provide communications researchers with insights into transformative elements of the communicative process Studying the content of the medium provides communication researchers with insights into factors affecting the way the message is presented, interpreted and how the receiver understands the message. With the study of literary criticism, communication researchers can learn about ways in whic h a message can be taken and how the receiver comprehends it. For example, suppose several people read the same poem. Each person could interpret the poem differently regarding what the poet is expressing in their poem. By trying to figure out the meaning behind the text it opens up ideas of possibility that others may not have thought of and it broadens its perspective. In society, people may interpret message shown to them based on their own beliefs, customs and culture. How different people read and understand content of the message is usually based on what a person sees and recall from their memories. Also, the way the message is understood could be influenced by how the message is presented. For example, the media chooses to highlight certain details about events or leave other details out in order for the public to react the way they want. By choosing what to include in the message and what to leave out, the author or journalist affect how the story or message is perceived by the reader or news consumers. It is important to note that what a journalist or writer chooses to leave out of a story is as crucial as what is included. Communication is supposed to be an instrument of positive progress in any society that is committed to knowing itself and identifying a desired and shared destiny it would like to realize. Thus communication should be transformative.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Transformative Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transformative communication is a modern innovative communication process where individuals and groups are encouraged, given power and motivated to modify their behaviors, value and belief systems in order to face present needs, unleashed potentials and opportunities of a changing reality welcoming in a new order toward togetherness (Malay Alzona, 2006). There are various approaches that literary scholars and communication researchers use to study media content. Some of them facilitate an intensive inquiry into the content of the medium by considering the complete circumstance within which messages are created and passed on to recipients (Lorimer Scannell, 2003). Other perspectives focus on the content alone while there is in some instances some common characteristics between audience theory and content theory (Lorimer Scannell, 2003).The most common approaches to the study of content in communication research include semiotics, discourse and conversational analysis, modernism and postmodernism, pragmatics, literary criticism, content analysis, structuralism and post- structuralism and media form analysis (Lorimer Scannell, 2003). Literary criticism originates from the work of the literary icon known as F.R. Leavis whose ideas had huge influence on the study of literature in English and which were later carried over into study of mass media such as film and television (Lorimer Scannell 2003). Literary criticism p ut emphasis up on autonomy or independence of the content.In the study of literature it does not stress things such as how the novel or poem in question was produced or its issuance and distribution history. Leavis insisted that literary scholars should be interested in the meaning of the content of a literary work and asserted that finding out this was delicate, prejudiced, critical work of analysis (Lorimer Scannell 2003).Interpretation here meant explaining what the author had in mind as articulated in the content. As a result, in literary studies, text was treated as the product of the authors and the same theory was used in film studies (Lorimer Scannell 2003). For instance, directors of films instead of the script-writers were taken as the creative originators of the film. However, in 1960s this author-centered approach was enthusiastically criticized by great cultural critics like Roland Barthers in his masterpiece essay titled ‘Death of the Author’ (Lorimer S cannell 2003).Barthers argued that the source of meaning in any content (TV play, novel or movie) could only be the consumer of the information therein because content only derives an important effect in the act of consumption.Advertising Looking for term paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This approach to the study of content enables communication researchers to understand the transformative potential of the communicative process by treating the reader as the source of the meaning of the content contained in a given medium. Doing so sets the reader free from the uninteresting undertaking of attempting to discover what the author had in mind (Lorimer Scannell, 2003). Consequently, the consumer of news or the reader is understood as being at liberty to construct his or her own sense and to open up instead of close down the meaning of the content (Lorimer Scannell 2003).Accordingly, authors and journalists should strive to use the most appropriate language, style and tone in order to increase the probability of reader creating beneficial and transformative meanings out of their works in the most creative way possible. The presentation approach adopted by authors of literary works and journalists should empower the reader and accord him or her interpretational freedom. They should shun the idea of one true and bona fide meaning of the content (Lorimer Scannell, 2003). Structuralism and post-structuralism is a famous approach to the study of content with communication researchers. Structuralism is an overall word for particular way of examining anything from a film, a TV play, a fairy story and even language itself (Lorimer Scannell, 2003).The target of structuralism is to find out the fundamental model both of single texts and different kinds of literary works. Through structuralism literary scholars and communication researchers’ attempts to see beneath the superficial meaning of the content and get to the concealed core skeletal organization that holds the body of the story together (Lorimer Scannell 2003). Structuralism enables communication researchers to undo evident complexities of content in a text such as a story into a simple set of essential story features that can be joined into rigorously restricted number of ways (Lorimer Scannell 2003). Structural analysis of narrative has been used to study movies and soap-operas and other mass media. This approach enables communication researchers comprehend transformative elements of the communicative process by making it possible to establish what lies beneath what is seen on the face value of the content under study (Lorimer Scannell 2003). By reducing the complexities of a given story it becomes easier for communication researchers get an insight on how the content is positioned to transform the reader or news consumer. Content analysis is also famous with communication researchers. According to Lorimer Scannell (2003), content analysis does not have theoretical foundations and is quantitative. Content analyst identifies various units of analysis such as concomitant illustrations, nouns, verbs, paragraphs, classifications of spokespersons cited among others (Lorimer Scannell, 2003). Then the analyst determines meanings or themes that appear to be most impor tant to a certain piece of communication. It is important to note that meaning categories identified may be relevant on the basis of the author or the interests of the analyst himself or herself (Lorimer Scannell, 2003). After identifying units of analysis and categories of meanings, an analyst then counts numerous types of incidences and their affiliation with other kinds of incidences for example words with pictures (Lorimer Scannell, 2003). Use of content analysis is an effective approach to the study of content. It easily shows how giving of meaning is limited by the medium itself and how it shapes and carries content (Lorimer Scannell, 2003). In the daily world of reporting and writing, journalists, news consumers and newsmakers similarly have realized that numerous media constantly choose certain features to emphasize at the expense of others. This selection leads to prejudice about events that varies across each medium (Lorimer Scannell, 2003). Content analysis is compreh ensive in its study of content and effective in enabling communication researchers study various aspects of a communicative process that allow them to understand its transformative elements. Reference List Malay. B., Alzona, S. S. (2006).Transformative communication. Shahdara, New Delhi: Megabooks Co. Lorimer, R., Scannell, P. (2003). Mass communications: a comparative introduction. Manchester: Manchester University Press ND. This term paper on Transformative Process was written and submitted by user Add1lyn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Feeding Frenzy Lab Essay Example

Feeding Frenzy Lab Essay Example Feeding Frenzy Lab Essay Feeding Frenzy Lab Essay We will use chemical reagents to test to determine the presence of macromolecules: Benedicts solution for sugar, Iodine for starch, Berets reagent for protein, and Sudan Ill for lipids. If we test buttermilk biscuits for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids then it will test positive for all. If we test potato chips for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids it will then test positive for lipids and starch. If we test peppers for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids then it will test positive for only sugar. If we test sardines for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids then it will only test positive for proteins and lipids. Our hypotheses is based on our knowledge of the four foods we are testing. When available we consulted nutritional provided on food label. The supplies we used are: Safety Goggles, Beakers, Hot Plate, Gloves, Benedicts Solution, a scale that measures grams, Test Tubes, Iodine, Measuring spoon, Test Tube rack, Beirut reagent, Kara Syrup (glucose), Test Tube Rack, Sudan Ill reagent, Laundry Starch, Eye Dropper, Brown Paper Bag, Egg Whites, Glass Stirring Rod, Fork, knife, spoon, Vegetable Oil, Distilled Water, Plastic Cups, Blender, Mortar and pestle, graduated cylinder, deuterium biscuits, potato chips, hot peppers and sardines. Http://www. Stephenson. Coherence/classes/biology/units ) Prefab Brainstorm what foods you want to test and for what macromolecules you AR e testing. 2. Complete the 15 Questions for Investigation. 3. Decide who is going to bring what foods. Hint: lighter color foods yield more a accurate results. ABA 1 . Create positive and negative test controls for each mac romolecule test. A. Lipids Positive Controlling a test tube 4/5 full with vegetable Oil. Pour 10 drops of Sudan Ill into the test tube with the vegetable oil. : Label the test tube as p costive control lipids using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. Negative Controlling a test tube 4/5 full with distilled water. Pour 10 drops of Sudan Ill into the test tube with the water. Label the test tube as en active control lipids using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. A. Sugar Positive Controlling 1 Go of Kara Syrup with mill of distilled water in a beaker. Fill a test tube 4/5 with the solution. Pour 10 drops of Benedicts Soul Zion into the test tube. Clean the beaker. Fill the beaker full of water. Place the beaker full of water on a to plate and turn the hotplate on high. Place the test tube in the beaker full of water and boil for 5 minutes. Label the test tube as positive control sugar using masking TA pee and place in the test tube rack. Negative Controlling a test tube 4/5 full Of distilled Water. Pour 10 drops of Benedicts Solution into the test tube. Fill a beaker full of water. Place the b eager full of water on a hot plate and turn the hotplate on high. Place the test tube in the beaker full of water and boil for 5 minutes. Label the test tube as negative control gaff u sing masking tape and place in the test tube rack. . Protein Positive Controlling leg of eightieth powder (or albumen) with mill of distilled water in a beaker using a glass stirring rod until all of the powder is did solved. Pour the solution into a beaker until the beaker is 4/5 full. Pour 10 drops of Beirut reagent into the test tube with the solution. Label the test tube as positive control protein SSI Eng masking tape and place in the test tube rack. Negative Control Fill a test tube 4/5 full with distilled water. Pour 10 drops of Beirut reagent into the test tube with the water. Label the test tube as negative intro protein using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. A. Starch Positive Controlling 1 g of corn starch with mill of distilled water in a beaker using a glass stirring rod until all of the powder is dissolved. Pour the solution into a beaker until the beaker is 4/5 full. Pour 10 drops of iodine reagent into the t est. tube with the solution. Label the test tube as positive control starch using masking tape an d place in the test tube rack. Drops of iodine reagent into the test tube with the water. Label the test tube control starch using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. . Make the foods you are testing into a solution. A. This can be done With a mortar and pistil or a blender. Place your crunched u p food into a beaker. Add water to your food in the beaker to make it into a solution. Filter the chunks out by pouring the solution through a screen and/ or cheesecloth into another beaker. 2. Pour the food solution into as many test tubes as the number of tests you are performing. For example, if you are testing for starch, sugar, protein, and lip ads you will need four test tubes. Label each test tube with the food that is being tests and the macromolecule you are testing for using masking tape. 3. Place 10 drops of the appropriate reagent in the appropriate test tube. A. Sugar Benedicts Solution must be heated with food in order to produce a result b. Starch Iodine c. Protein Beirut reagent d. Lipid Sudan Ill reagent 4. Compare your results to the positive and negative test controls. 5. Record your data in a data table 6. Complete a lab report by following the lab report template. All sections are re quirked except calculations. 7. Type up your lab report using Google docs and invite all interested parties. . Post your lab report on your unit 2 weeping. The trial calls for multiple tests and multiple tests should be done to get the b est. results. The independent variable is food type, while sugar, lipids, protein, starch are t he dependent variable. The control variable and what must be kept constant is the + starch, + protein, + Lipid, + sugar. In a way thats the control trial and what you compare results to . Your suppose to test for + starch, + protein, + Lipid, + sugar and see if your food is positive n active starch, protein, lipid, and sugar. Data and Calculations Observations During this experiment we observed how the color of our food distillations changed with the different solutions. Each solution reacts differently. For example, when testing for the pepper for starch, iodine was added, and when the solution turned dark and cloudy, compared to the control it was obviously a protein positive.

Soccer and American Football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soccer and American Football - Essay Example Football now reflects the basic, underlying cultural dynamics of contemporary America. Football is urban, it uses "educated" players, it is complex, specialized, violent and sexy. In football every second counts, as it does in America, where "time is money." These changes line up with the values people find in football. Baseball became irrelevant. Soccer provides people with an opportunity to let off steam, to get rid of tensions, to have pleasure. Thesis Soccer and the American football have many similarities in main rules and traditions which make both of them very popular among youth. Both soccer and American football are favorite games of millions of people which bring satisfaction and raises team spirit. Like American football, soccer is an organized game that has become institutionalized. Soccer and American football are amazing: energetic and vigorous games. Soccer and American football are based on competition between two teams which involve 11 players each. In both cases, the aim of the game is score. In soccer, t he main equipment is a ball and goals. The soccer and American football ball has two-toned, black and white, markings. Thus, American football is ruled by six-tackle rule while soccer is subjected to the Laws of the Games. At the beginning of the game, players kick off a coin. During this time, all players are on their own side of the field. The traditional shape of the field is about 100 yards in length and 50 yards wide. A field for American football has 360 by 160 feet There are boundary lines surround the field considered part of the filed. Th is differed from not taking the game seriously, in that it involved, not a transformation of the game itself, but rather an alternative to the game that was defined as providing greater enjoyment than what would have otherwise occurred. Soccer game lasts for 90 minutes. Also, American football has four 15 minutes quarters (Goldblatt 76). In soccer and American football, players pay the main attention to team strategy and the configuration of players around the point of action. Usually, players try to concentrate upon the position of attackers in relation to the defense and overall the success of each attacks. Each time the cross occurred, a player crossed the area in front the defense. During this game, the important step is possession of the ball which switches back and forth between the teams. I a team several times lost possession when they made a bad pass, sent the ball out of bounds. When possession of the ball changed from a team to the other, the attacking team became the defense, and a team became the offense. Because this happens very frequently during a game, it is important for team to make the transition quickly. Players of both teams wear uniforms. Still, American football has special numbers for all positions, so it is easy to understand the role of each player: e.g. 1-9 are used for quarterbacks, kicke rs, and punters (MacCambridge 87). The end of the game is usually vigorous marked by competition and desire to win. Furthermore, soccer almost invariably involved competition;

Arth 1380 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Arth 1380 - Assignment Example Despite using marble in their compositions, people of this period also introduced bronze and used it frequently, thus that age was known as Bronze Age. The reclining female figure found in Menil collection is carved in marble with less obvious facial features except prominent nose that is the only visible portion in the face. The shape of face is oval which is connected to neck with a slender torso depicting two round shapes showing breasts of a female. The female figure is made in nude form with breasts and sexual organ shown; the only features that consider the figure as feminine. However, the figure has a slightly slender waist that is also indicative of a female figure. The female figure is shown with arms folded below breasts in a manner as if both of the arms are tightly enclosed around the body. The shoulders are angular and the legs are shown closely connected with each other and giving an illusion of being separated, however they had been carved in a same marble. The feet are carved in an upward style which gives an impression that the figure might have been of a lying human as it seems difficult to keep the figure stand w ithout support. (McGill, 1987) The formal analysis of the reclining female figure has been done here by highlighting the color, form and shape, space, line and texture of the piece. Firstly, the color of the statue is dull with cool color and the value of color is light with not bright intensity. The color of the figure seems to be close to grayish brown with dull outlook giving the impression of seriousness. As the color used is not a warm color such as red, orange or yellow, the figure cannot be considered an indicative of a delightful occasion. The figure incorporates certain hue stains all over which suggest use of paint on marble to give it a colorful look. It conveys the message of seriousness and the impression created on the minds of viewers

Behaviour and Individual Differences Case Study Essay

Behaviour and Individual Differences Case Study - Essay Example 139). The commission on Warnock report highlighted the necessity to introduce support facilities that would enhance education for special needs students (Cox 1985, p.31). Among the recommendations of the report was the requirement to identify students with special needs, at an early age. The commission emphasized on the use of applicable and relevant strategies to address the concerns of SEN students (Dash 2006, p.21). The report also proposed the necessity to attend to every SEN student on an individual basis. This would replace the traditional trend that featured practitioners attending SEN students based on categories and groups with nearly similar needs and complications. The existence of individual and behavioral differences among learners in their early years, in any learning environment, is an indisputable reality that practitioners experience. This necessitates an extensive and inclusive mechanism for analyzing the activity and performance level of SEN students. Practitioners should adopt methods to enhance initial identification and assessment of the existence of any individual needs that students may have. Practitioners apply diverse methods of early identification and assessment of the presence of students’ individual needs in most learning environments. ... Through the assistance of coordinators, SEN students receive special support. SENCO coordinators can recommend the assistance of other professionals as educational psychologists. SEN assessment programs constitute part of the responsibility of SENCO coordinators to identify early learners with individual needs. The program is in stages and involves the role of the teachers in addressing the needs of the early learners. The EYFS profile is a contemporary method that practitioners use in to identify and assess the existence of individual needs among learners in their early years. EYFS profile is a statutory outline that defines various standards as the benchmark requirements for all learners in their early years should acquire (Beckley, Elvidge & Hendry 2009, p.3). Early education providers should meet the benchmark standards as a means of ensuring comprehensive education of children and their proper development. Fulfillment of all the standards set in the EYFS profile is helpful in pr oviding children with a proper foundation for commendable progress through their educational life in whole system (Palaiologou 2013, p.21). Practitioners may apply the EYFS profile as a method to identify and assess the existence of individual needs in students. EYFS aims to reduce the goals of early learning for students and simplify the system (Wheeler & Connor 2009, p.5). If a practitioner ascertains that a child has difficulties in attaining the requirements set in the EYFS profile, the child most probably has individual needs. The profile also ensures healthy development among young children in three main pillars. It emphasizes on communication and language development among children in

The History Of The European Union Politics Essay

The History Of The European Union Politics Essay The European Community was an institutional framework for the construction of a united Europe. The European Community is commonly called the (EU) and later officially became known as the European Union (EU). It was created after World War II to unite the nations of Europe economically and politically by uniting their resources into a single economy. By doing so, another war would be less likely among neighboring countries. A number of European leaders became convinced that the only way to secure a lasting peace between their countries was to unite them economically and politically. This was the framework for the building of the early European Community which expanded into the European Union. The EU was set up with the aim of ending the frequent and bloody wars between its neighbors, which culminated in the World War II. In 1950, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) began to unite European countries economically and politically in order to secure lasting peace The organization oversees cooperation among its members in diverse areas, including trade, the environment, transport and employment. (BBC) The six founding countries were Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Based on the Schuman plan, these six countries signed a treaty to run their heavy industries of coal and steel. Thus under a common management no country could, on its own, make weapons of war to turn against the other as in the past. The founding fathers of the European Union, and regarded by many as the principal architects of European integration following the end of the World War II were: Konrad Adenauer Sir Winston Churchill Alcide de Gasperi Walter Hallstein Jean Monnet Robert Schuman Paul Henri Spaak Altiero Spinelli In 1957, the Treaty of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC), or Common Market. Building on the success of the Coal and Steel Treaty, those six countries expanded cooperation to other economic sectors. They signed the Treaty of Rome, creating the EEC determined to lay the foundations of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe. (Goldberg, 2003) The idea was for people, goods and services to move freely across borders. In the 1960s, the early European Community continued to progress. The EU started its common agricultural policy in 1962, giving their countries joint control over food production. All farmers were paid the same price for their produce. The EU grew enough food for its needs and farmers earned well. There were unwanted side-effects, such as overproduction with mountains of surplus produce. Later in 1963, the EU signed its first big international agreement, a deal to help 18 former colonies in Africa. To date, this has expanded to 78 countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) regions. In 1968, the original six countries removed customs duties on goods imported from each other, allowing free cross-border trade for the first time. They also applied the same duties on their imports from outside countries. The worlds biggest trading group was born. Trade among these six countries and of the EU and the rest of the world grew rapidly. In the beginning of the 1970s pollution was starting to become a problem especially in Scandinavia and Germany because of acid rain which was destroying forests. The EU eventually adopted laws to protect the environment, introducing the notion of the polluter pays for the first time, and since then Institutions such as the EU with its countries like the Netherlands and Germany have made it a cornerstone of their environment. (Bruyninckx, 2009) This led to the founding of pressure groups such as Greenpeace. In 1973, the original six countries expanded to nine when Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom formally enter the EU. As a result, in 1974 to show their solidarity the EU leaders set up the European Regional Development Fund. Its purpose was to transfer money from rich to poor regions to improve roads, communications, attract investments, and create jobs. This came to account for one third of all EU spending. In 1979, EU citizens directly elected the members of the European Parl iament for the first time. Previously they were delegated by national parliaments. Members sat in pan-European political groups (Socialist, Conservative, Liberal, Greens, etc.) and not in national delegations. The influence of the Parliament was constantly increasing. Figure . European Summit at work.The EU continued its economic growth, political expansion, and industrial modernization. Membership of the EU reached double figures when Greece joined. They had been eligible to join since its military regime was overthrown and democracy restored in 1974. In the industrial sector, computers and automation were changing the way people lived and worked. To stay in the forefront of innovation The EU organized ESPRIT, the European Strategic Program for Information Technology in 1984. (Grande, Hanson, Lackman, 1994) That was the first of many research and development programs. Automated robots soon joined car factory production lines in the 1980s as well. In 1986, Spain and Portugal entered the EU, bringing total membership to 12. However, trade was not flowing freely across EU borders because of certain obstacles and differences in national regulations. european summit.jpg The Single European Act of 1986 launched a vast six year program to sort out those trade problems. The Act also gave the European Parliament more input and strengthened EU powers on environmental protection. Next in 1987, The EU launched the Erasmus program to fund university students that wanted to study in another European country for up to one year. Since then, more than 2 million students have benefited from this and similar EU plans. The collapse of communism across Central and Eastern Europe which began in Poland and Hungary, symbolized the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Faced by a mass exodus of its citizens to West, the East German government opened the gates. Germany was united after more than 40 years, and its Eastern part joined the EU in1990. The fall of the Berlin Wall led to some economic issues At the same time, consumers suddenly had access to goods and services that hadnt been available behind the Iron Curtain, and, for the first time in decades, entrepreneurs were able to start their own companies. (Tucker, 2009) More major expansions took place in the 1990s for the EU, and later the European Community was officially recognized as the European Union. In 1992, the Treaty on European Union (TEU) was signed in Maastricht. The Treaty established Community policies in six new areas: trans-European networks, industrial policy, consumer protection, education and vocational training, youth, and culture. (EU Legislation, 2007) It was a major EU milestone setting clear rules for the future single currency, foreign policy, security policy, and closer cooperation in justice and homeland affairs. Under the treaty, the name European Union officially replaced European Community. With old barriers gone, people, goods, services, and money moved around Europe as freely as within one country. In 1993, the single market and its four freedoms were established: the free movement of goods, services, people, and money had become reality. As the EU has expanded, more than 200 laws have been agreed on since 1986 covering tax policy, business regulations, professional qualifications and other barriers to try and open more frontiers. Unfortunately, free movements of some services were still delayed. In 1995, Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the EU which increased membership to 15 countries which covered almost all of Western Europe. In the late 1990s, the Schengen Agreement took effect in seven countries: Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Portugal. Travelers of any nationality could travel between all of those countries without any passport control at the borders. Other countries have since joined the passport-free Schengen area. In 1997, there was the signature of the Treaty of Amsterdam. It built on the achievements of the treaty from Maastricht by laying down plans to reform EU institutions, to give Europe a stronger voice in the world, and to concentrate more resources on employment and the rights of its citizens. Later that year, EU leaders agreed to start the process of membership negotiations with 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. The Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Malta were also included in negotiations. In 1999, the Euro (European Currency) was introduced in 11 countries for commercial and financial transactions only, notes and coins would come later. The Euro countries were Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland (Greece later incorporated the Euro in 2001). However, a countrys old currency must have had a stable exchange rate for two years and because of that Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom decided to stay out of the Euro area for the time being. There were other conditions as well, such as interest rates, budget deficits, inflation rates, and the level of government debt. Moving into 2000, changes to the Treaty of Nice agreed to open the way for enlargement by reforming EU voting rules. In 2001, the EU stood firmly alongside the United States in the fight against international terrorism after the terrorists attacked the World Trade Center killing over three thousand people. Moving into 2002, Euro notes and coins were introduced. Printing, minting, and distributing them in 12 countries was a major logistical operation. More than 80 billion coins were involved, and notes were the same for all countries. Coins had one common face, giving the value, while the other carried a national emblemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦all currency circulated freely. Figure . EU PeacekeepersIn 2003, as part of its foreign and security policy, the EU took on peace-keeping operations in the Balkans. Their main concern was in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and then in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In both cases, EU-led forces replaced the NATO units. Internally, the EU agreed to create an area of freedom, security, and justice for all citizens by 2010. EU Peacekeepers.jpg In 2004, the EU finally finished the process of membership with eight countries (Bulgaria and Romania still remained candidate countries) of Central and Eastern Europe: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia joined the EU. This finally ended the division of Europe which had been decided by the Great Powers 60 years earlier at Yalta. Next, twenty-five EU countries signed a Treaty to establish a European Constitution in 2004. It was designed to streamline democratic decision-making and management in an EU of twenty five or more countries. It also created the post of a European Foreign Minister. The Constitution had to be ratified by all 25 countries before it could go into force. When citizens in both France and the Netherlands voted No to the Constitution in referendums in 2005, EU leaders declared a period of reflection. (EurActiv, 2007) The constitutional treaty signed in 2004 was meant to make the EU more efficient. In 2007, two more countries from Eastern Europe, Bulgaria and Romania, joined the EU. This brought the total number of member states to twenty-seven. Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey were candidates for future membership, but have not yet been accepted. Later that year, the twenty seven EU countries signed the Treaty of Lisbon, which amended the previous Treaties. It was designed to make the EU more democratic, efficient and transparent, and thereby able to tackle global challenges such as climate change, security, and sustainable development. The Treaty of Lisbon aimed to make the EU primarily act more efficiently in security matters. Also in 2007, a Council decision was made determining the order in which the office of President of the Council should be held. The position is held for six months by each Member State on a rotational basis. The Council is the main decision-making body of the European Union. The ministers of the Member States meet within the Council of the European Union. Depending on the issues on the agenda, each country is represented by the minister responsible for that subject (foreign affairs, finance, social affairs, transport, agriculture, etc.). Council responsibilities included: The Council passes laws, usually legislating jointly with the European Parliament. The Council coordinates the broad economic policies of the Member States. The Council defines and implements the EUs common foreign and security policy, based on guide lines set by the European Council. The Council concludes, on behalf of the Community and the Union, international agreements between the EU and one or more states or international organizations. The Council coordinates the actions of Member States and adopts measures in the area of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. The Council and the European Parliament constitute the budgetary authority that adopts the Communitys budget. In 2008, Cyprus and Malta incorporated the Euro, increasing the size of the Eurozone to 15 Member States. The value of the Euro reached an all time high on July 18th at 1.5843 to the U.S. dollar. However, later in the year, the worldwide recession began to take its toll on the currency and European economies. Also in 2008, Sweden ratified the Lisbon Treaty. Slovakia incorporated the Euro in 2009, and the Eurozone now included 16 Member States. In December, the worlds three main credit ratings agencies downgraded Greeces debt, sending financial markets tumbling and raising concerns about other weak European economies like Portugal, Spain, Ireland and Italy. Concerns started to show as The leaders of the European Union gathered in Brussels in an emergency summit meeting that seemed to highlight the very worries it was designed to calm: that the world economic crisis has unleashed forces threatening to split Europe into rival camps. (Castle Erlange, 2009) Later that year, the previously signed Lisbon Treaty entered into force. As the EU struggled in 2010 to contain the debt crisis, Standard Poors in April downgraded Greeces sovereign debt to junk status, and cut Portugal and Spains credit ratings. The Eurozone finance ministers met in May to approve a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬110 billion ($146 billion) loan package to Greece. That June, the Euro reached a four year low, falling below à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬0.862017 ($1.19). Eventually the Euro began to comeback the EU recovered from the global financial crisis faster than expected, with business investments growing by an estimated 2% in 2010, but with public investment and housing development lagging. Strong corporate profits should enable this recovery to continue in 2011. (The World Factbook) To date, the EU continues to progress and move forward amid untimely setbacks. In closing, the European Community formed as a result of WWII with the intent of preventing European countries from another war, devastating destruction, and the loss of lives within its soon to be member States. The European Community gradually evolved into the European Union with the purpose of increasing economic integration, citizen socialization among its member States, modernizing industrialization, and to centralize a monetary currency among its member States. European citizens now have the freedom to live, work, and study in any part of the EU. Since the European Community began over half a century ago, the EU has taken great strides in achieving a greater sense of unity among its members States and throughout Europe. The future of the European Union rests in its ability to balance supranational (social) and intergovernmental (monetary) issues. While the EU decision-making process might become bogged down as the number of member States around the table increases, the EU has a solid foundation to evolve and prosper with the right unified leadership from within its member States.

Development of Attachment Essay -- Psychology

It has been shown that the relationships infants develop early on in life have lasting effects on their identity and behavior. Extensive research has indicated that the relationship between an infant and its caregivers is particularly important. All children are different, and in order to have a healthy relationship with your child, you should adapt your parenting methods to fit his specific needs. All children differin fundamental ways, two of the most comprehensive being their temperaments and attachment styles. A child’s temperament is the way in which he reacts to the world, new situations, people, and experiences. Attachment is an infant’s enduring emotional bond to his parentsor primary caregivers. Both of these factors affect children not only in infancy, but throughout their lives. Temperament has been shown to be a consistent aspect of a  person’s behavior over time, and their style of attachment to their primary caregiver often shapes the quality of platonic and romantic relationships with others as they age. A child’s temperament can affect his parent’s reactions and feelings toward him, and subsequently his attachment style. Infants are put into three defined categories of temperament: easy, difficult, and slow to warm up. Easy babies adjust readily to new experiences and are generally happy and easy to calm. Difficult babies are easily upset, have intense negative emotional reactions, and have irregular bodily functions. Slow to warm up babies react to new stimuli as difficult babies would initially, but with repeated exposure will react more like easy babies. Easy babies often engender positive reactions and feelings from their parents, which helps produce a secure attachment relationship between the paren... ...t them independently. This not only sets him up for immediate success in school or whatever he is focusing on, but also in the future when dealing with college or work. He will be more motivated to complete his work to the best of  his ability and to work past any barriers or conflicts that arise. Works Cited Allard, Lindsey T., and Amy Hunter. â€Å"Understanding Temperament in Infants and Toddlers.†Ã‚  Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning. Vanderbilt University, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. . Davis, Jeanie L. â€Å"10 Commandments of Good Parenting.†Ã‚  WebMD. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. . Siegler, Robret, Judy DeLoache, and Nancy Eisenberg.  How Children Develop. 3rd ed. New York: Worth Publishers, 2011. 425-98. Print.

Fire on Us from the Sky

Topic 1: War and Survival Question 1. Why did war come to Benson, Alepho and Benjamin's homeland? Who was fighting and why? How did the government and the rebel forces use propaganda (manipulating facts and media to achieve their goals) to further their position in the war? Why did war come to Benson, Alepho and Benjamin's homeland? In 1959, violence between the Tutsi and Hutu erupted. Hutus overthrew Tutsi rule, declared an independent republic and elected the first Hutu president, Greg wa Kayabanda. Mass killings of Tutsis occurred during the transition to Hutu rule.Who was fighting and why? The British colonists created a strict system of racial classification, the Tutsi were a superior group because they were more â€Å"white looking† The colonists believed that the Tutsi were natural rulers, so they put only Tutsis into positions of authority and discriminated against Hutus and Twa. The How did the government and the rebel forces use propaganda (manipulating facts and med ia to achieve their goals) to further their position in the war? They distributed lists of people who were to be targeted and killed.Messages of hate were broadcast over the radio, encouraging the killing of Tutsi and opponents to the Hutu regime. The messages portrayed Tutsis as evil cockroaches and rats. Question 2. What hardships did Benson, Alepho and Benjamin endure because of the war? What does the African proverb When two elephant’s fight, it is the grass that gets trampled mean to you? What hardships did Benson,Alepho, and Benjamin endure because of the War? Loosing their families, watching women get raped, their friends get killed, and just the overall affect that it causes to the brain.What does the African proverb When two elephant’s fight, it is the grass that gets trampled mean to you? It means to me that when two elephants or two powerful leaders fight, it injures the grass, or the middle and low class citizens. Question 3. What hardships did Benson, Alep ho and Benjamin want to keep going despite their horrible suffering, what coping techniques, personal attitudes, or strengths allowed each boy to survive? Which boy did you identify with most? why? Do you think you could have survived such ordeals The willingness to just survive and live, Maybe just get out of Africa maybe get a Visa to get to the United States.They tried to stick together as much as they could although they have been split up for a few years. They most likely figured that â€Å"hey i’ve made it this far, why quit† kind of attitude. I think I can relate to all of them because they are all related, I always know how my family thinks and acts in a certain situation. I do not think i would be able to survive because I do not know the land very well. And the fact that your best friend could be the one that ends up killing you. Question 1. What role did outside countries and organizations play in the war in Sudan?Should the U. S. or other countries have int ervened more or less? During the years leading up to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, international human rights groups documented and reported numerous human rights violations in Rwanda to the United Nations. Although the international community knew about the extremely brutal attacks taking place, they chose not to intervene. Indeed, the UN withdrew most of its troops and officially limited the actions of the tiny force of 450 soldiers who stayed behind, The should have intervened way more, possibly saving thousands of lives.Question 2. How were the lost boys treated by the communities and individuals they encountered on their journey? Why did people behave the way they did? How would you have treated the lost boys? They were treated like outcasts. They acted the way they did because they didn't know what the difference between right and wrong at they time they did what they thought was right in their tradition and culture. I would have treated them as my own family knowing what I kno w know about what happened in Sudan. Question 3.What role did outside countries and organizations play in the lives of Benson, Alepho and Benjamin and other refugees? What was life like in the refugee camps? Is there an international responsibility to help refugees? They played a big role in their lives, especially when it comes to giving them a place to stay. Life was hard in the camps they had little responsibility. Question 4. How did Benson, Alepho and Benjamin come to the United States? How did the elders left in the refugee camp react? Do the boys have any special responsibility ince they gained asylum? Should the U. S have given them asylum? Should we give more people asylum? They got to the United States by plane. The elders acted very plain to them The had a responsibility of taking care of each other I think the U. S. should have given them a temporary 3 month asylum. The U. S. should offer more people asylums because many of these people have no family and have no place t hey can really go. Question 1. Despite their hardships, the Lost Boys were still very much children. How do you see them grow up through the book?Can you relate to any of their experiences growing up? Any of the games they play? How do they view and interact with the opposite sex? How do their attitudes about education relate to your own? They grow up by making more adult decisions I can relate to loosing a family member for a very long time. The view the women as regular woman. Like them, I take my education very seriously, but even though it is a privilege and not a right to go to school they most likely view it as a once in a lifetime opportunity.

If I Became Essay

If I Became Essay If I Became Essay If I became a celebrity, I will do many things for my beloved country. First of all, I will make my country become well-known. I will let the world know the location of Malaysia. I will also introduce the Malaysian’s culture, traditional and lifestyle to the world. The second things I will do for Malaysia is I will promote Malaysia to the world. I want Malaysia become one of the destination for tourists to visit .Therefore, Malaysia economy will increased due to the advent of tourists. Another things I will do for Malaysia is I will use my money to help people in need such as the poor and the orphans. I will donate my money to them so their lives will be better. I will also help the disadvantages people as a result of natural disaster such as earthquakes and floods in Malaysia. I will provide them with food, clothes and temporary shelter to make sure they are not hungry and cool. In addition, I will help the country by improving the public facilities such as LRT improvement. T his is for the convenience of the people. If I become a celebrity, I will set an example to others as what is done by Angelina Jolie that had shown the value of love to the world by taking the child regardless of race. I want Malaysians to practice good values. By that I should show the good values to the community. Another things I will do for Malaysia is I will invite the public to loving the environment. I will do a lot of campaigns on the environment such as

The Best Career Tips No One Told You

The Best Career Tips No One Told You Career advice is common and usually welcome, but some bits of career advice are  seldom mentioned, even though they can help you make large professional strides. Just getting a job and plugging away at it can sometimes get you a promotion, but being proactive can get you there faster. Learning the best career tips can help build your standing and personal growth to become more successful in whatever career you choose. Do What You LoveExamine what your talents are and where your interests lie. That may be a good indicator of what direction you should go when going into a career. Does helping people give you that warm, fuzzy feeling? In that case, maybe you should look into healthcare jobs where you can spend your days helping others. Do you love mathematics and excel  at calculations? Maybe accounting or bookkeeping would be a good career move for you. Whatever your interests, you may be happiest doing what you love.Keep LearningKeeping on top of your profession is what makes your career rewarding. Taking a class, learning a new computer program, or earning a certificate in your field can make you feel as though you’re growing in your career and building toward the future. Learning new things keeps you ahead of the rest and helps if you want to change jobs or want a promotion.Find a MentorNo matter what your job, there is always someone who has been around longer and has much more experience. Observe that individual to see how he or she handles tasks and responsibilities, and then and learn to emulate the best techniques. Someone else’s  proven method can help you learn and grow.Set Goals to Achieve MoreAsk yourself where you want to be in the short-term and in the long term, and set reasonable goals to reach these landmarks. Do you need more training to go into a job you want eventually? Take the time to get that training. Are there responsibilities you don’t have that would benefit you in the future? Ask for more responsibilities at work. Learning other types of jobs can round out your experience and make you more marketable. Setting goals can get you there more quickly.Put in the TimeGo-getters know that working strictly during office hours and being the first one to leave for lunch or in the evening will not get you promoted. Put in extra effort to get the job done, even if it means missing a lunch break or working a little later. It won’t go unnoticed by your boss, and you may end up being assigned more responsibility because of it. This extra duty can lead to a pay raise or promotion.Keep Your Eye on Your GoalsMost people don’t start off in the perfect job. However, by finding a job that will help you get the skills and experience you need to move up on the ladder, you can work your way toward that perfect job. All it takes is perseverance and know-how.It is up to you to reach where you want to be in your career. With hard work and determination, you can reach that job of your dreams. TheJobNe twork helps you in your job search 24 hours per day. After you fill out your qualifications and job interests, we send you emails when jobs matching that description come up. In this way, you won’t miss any opportunities to get a great job doing what you love the most. If you want to, you can also search the job listings yourself, so you know you are being proactive in your search. Sign up for job match alert to start on the path to a new career.

Rewrite the first draft of the business plan Essay

Rewrite the first draft of the business plan - Essay Example Those who had dealing with us in the past need no more elaboration about us. That which is evident requires no introduction or appreciation. Our clothing selections and exclusive personal style services would make it an attainable reality to own a special dress for every woman. Beauty, to a great extent, is God-given. But we shall certainly make one more presentable and admirable. Our Style Assessment will be done by an experienced specialist, and we have specially designed a questionnaire aimed to reveal your projections as to the type of dress needed by you. We have a unique album that gives minute details/measurements of thousands of patterns, and an exclusive photo album. You will be shown an exclusive range of fabrics in different color/patterns, which is specially created for us by the experts and you won’t find this range in any other boutique during the season for which it is intended for. This is the guarantee and the entire range is copyrighted. Take our assurance to your exclusiveness. Women assess it better and men understand it well. Fashion is such a unique concept. I head the think tank (management) of our designers group consists of 4 women and 1 man. This is no ordinary paper partnership. Each one of us is an expert, and thinks much ahead than what is available in the fashion world today. Our sole concern is our customers are well and exclusively dressed. Step into a right company, and we look forward for a long and happy association with each of our client. People come to us with an enquiry and end up being our permanent clients. We have a purpose in everything we do—to work for the entire satisfaction of our customers. Patrick Lencioni writes, â€Å"An organization that has achieved clarity has a sense of unity around everything it does. It aligns its resources, especially the human ones, around common concepts, values, definitions, goals, and strategies’, thereby realizing the synergies that all great companies

Diversion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diversion - Assignment Example Apart from ensuring basic fairness in the application of criminal law, diversion has also had the effect of increasing the efficiency of the system by freeing up resources that can then be directed to more serious legal issues. It also has resulted, in many cases in a great deal of cost savings for the stretched budgets of many criminal justice departments throughout the country. Introduction Diversion is the conditional changing or suspension before the conviction of formal criminal proceedings against a person, in return for which the defendant performs certain agreed activities such as restitution, community service or undergoing treatment options. This process, when successfully completed, results not only in the stopping of the conviction for the crime but also in the expunging of the criminal incident from public records or the sealing of the record. In other instances it may also lead to a reduction of a sentence. Diversion offers an opportunity to provide a more comprehensive and efficient approach to managing the defendants flowing into the system and the utilization of court resources by determining which type of case intervention is most appropriate for any given case (National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies, 2008). 1. There are various reasons that have been advanced for diversion as provided for in United States law. One reason is that it allows for the management of not just the crime but the underlying cause of the reported criminal behavior. Except for a few cases, diversion is primarily applied to first-time offenders, and in a majority of the cases, these are usually juvenile offenders. A lot of the times that these offenders are brought to court for minor charges that are usually related to the kind of environment they are brought up in, depending on the nature of the charges. Mino drug possession offenses, such as possession of small amounts of marijuana are some of the offenses that qualify for diversion (Steadman & Naples, 2005) . In many cases such as these, the offenders are not only given an opportunity to confess their crimes, they are also given a chance to have their criminal record wiped clean, as long as they participate in an educational program on the dangers of drug use and drug possession. Diversion requirements may include making restitution to any victims of a crime, attending an educational program and performing community service or any combination of these. In a majority of these cases, the fact that the offenders have been offered a â€Å"second chance† has been known to be enough of a caution to ensure that the criminal behavior does not occur again (Steadman & Naples, 2005). The other reason that diversion is used is because in some of the cases, the criminal behavior is caused by underlying mental and psychological disorders, which are better dealt with through treatment than through incarceration. It is estimated that up to seven percent of all persons charged with criminal offe nses and imprisoned have some form or degree of mental or social disorder which is usually the underlying cause or trigger for the crime. Studies have shown that a large majority of these cases suffer from mood disorders and schizophrenia, with most of the patients (two out of three) being female. Studies have also shown that diversion improves the quality of life in cases of offenders who undergo treatment programs rather than incarceration (Steadman & Naples, 2005). A third reason why diversion is used