Stanley Cohens Concept of a Moral Panic - 1692 Words

Introduction Stanley Cohen has become famous due to his brilliant works on sociology, criminology and human rights. His talent allowed him to depict human fears and concerns, conflicts between different social groups and human sufferings which resulted from these conflicts. Stanley Cohen’s career started to move in the upward direction with the publication of his first serious research in 1972. The book called â€Å"Folk Devils and Moral Panics† was devoted to the issues relevant to the British society in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Exactly in this book he introduced for the first time such a term as â€Å"moral panic†, which became rather widely used since then. The author of the book concentrated his attention on the rivalry of the two†¦show more content†¦In any case they will be labelled as deviant. Stanley Cohen’s book â€Å"Folk Devils and Moral Panics† was devoted to â€Å"youthful delinquencies and vandalism† [6]. He studied the pheno menon which occurred in the English society in the 1960s which received the name of â€Å"The Mods and Rockers†. These two groups of youth were the first one to appear after the so-called â€Å"teddy boys†. However, Cohen does not accuse either Mods or Rockers or the conflict between them of being responsible for the moral panic. Instead he states that it was mass media, which assisted greatly in developing the conflict between young people. Thus, â€Å"the core idea of the book is that interventions - usually in the name of benevolence or â€Å"doing good† - can sometimes actually make situations worse not better† [6]. The peaceful life of the English society of the 1960s was struck by the clashes between the Mods and Rockers. Both Mods and Rockers were called â€Å"gangs†, which is a â€Å"structure sharing the same ideas, attachments and solidarity† [7]. Every gang usually has its own â€Å"interests, activities, membership, and status† [7]. Usually such groups appear spontaneously. Both gangs - Mods and Rockers - â€Å"represented opposite tastes with regard to a number of social conventions such as clothing, grooming, music, and so on† [7]. For example, the Mods (modernists) preferred to wear suits and pointed shoes, listen to Jazz and Rhythm Blues style of music and ride scooters. In theirShow MoreRelatedThe Sociologist Stanley Cohen Define The Concept Moral Panics1501 Words   |  7 Pagessociologist Stanley Cohen define the concept moral panics? What, if any, is its continued relevance? Discuss with reference to sociological research. Natali Milligan (University of Glasgow) ‘Teen Jihadi â€Å"poster girl for the Islamic State† killed by group for trying to escape’ ‘Youth crime and punishment’ These headlines − from google news − are both explanatory in what Stanley Cohen meant in his definition of moral panics. Sociologist Stanley Cohen defines the concept of moral panics as a wide-spreadRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Cohen s Folk Devils And Moral Panics 1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe term Moral Panic was an expression created by Stanley Cohen in his 1972 book â€Å"Folk devils and Moral Panics†. Cohen, who was a sociology professor at the University of Essex in the 60s, developed the concept of Moral Panic as a way to describe the media coverage of the violence that spawned between two rival youth gangs (the Mods and the Rockers) and to explain the following societal reaction to that era’s adolescent sub-culture. Since then the term has been regularly used in the media to referRead MoreCrime, Moral Panics and the Media Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagescausing a moral panic. ‘A moral panic is a semi- spontaneous or media generated mass movement based on the perception that some individual or group, frequently a minority group or subculture, is dangerously deviant and poses menace to society. These panics are generally fuelled by the media, although not always caused by, media coverage of social issues†¦ These panics can sometimes lead to mob violence†¦ (newsfilter.co.uk). Some of the governing models of moral panics includeRead MoreEssay on The Concept of Moral Panics1884 Words   |  8 PagesThe Concept of Moral Panics A moral panic is said to occur when the media mobilises public opinion around the condemnation of deviance (Media coverage of deviance: moral panics, lecture handout, 07-10-02). Deviance, in this context, refers to the violation of social norms and values, and the subsequent disruption of social order. This essay will begin with a clarification of the terms moral panic and deviance and outline how the two conceptsRead MoreThe Influence of the Media in Shaping the Publics Understanding of Crime1878 Words   |  8 Pagescontroversy. It is clear that crime constitutes a major realm of societal concern. Initial focus in this essay will be on how influential media is on peoples understanding of crime through exaggeration. The subject of Cohen’s and Hall et al work on moral panic will be largely touched upon. A basic understanding Wilkins theory would be mentioned, finally a conclusion would be drawn up. Maguire (2002) Mass media representations of crime, deviance, and disorder have beenRead MoreDance Music and Moral Panic3609 Words   |  15 Pageswriters in relation to popular music culture: Stanley Cohen. You may use a case study approach in your answer. Scholars such as Rietveld suggest that; The British Culture has a long history in regulating pleasures associated with parties. A fear seems to exist of the unregulated body that dances and is intoxicated...It is therefore not surprising that the acid house parties; that heady mix of house ‘n’ E events in 1998, were followed by various moral panics. (Rietveld, 1998, pp. 253-4.) The danceRead MoreHigh Tech Or High Risk : Moral Panics2053 Words   |  9 Pagesus to view young people in a contextual way that creates moral panics and discourses. According to Justine Cassell and Meg Cramer’s article ‘High Tech or High Risk: Moral Panics about Girls Online’, moral panics about how girls use the web as a means of communication is a case that has existed for many years. Their reasoning attracts parallels between moral panics about girls’ use of social platforms in today’s world, and the moral panics that occurred in the past regarding the girls’ use of theRead MoreFolk Devils and Moral Panics in Malaysian Context2936 Words   |  12 Pagesnotion of ‘moral panics’. Illustrate your discussions with examples of ‘folk devils,’ and incorporating concepts such as ‘the deviancy amplification spiral’ and the need for law and order. ------------------------------------------------- In one if his countless speeches, Adolf Hitler once said, â€Å"If we do not take steps to preserve the purity of blood, the Jew will destroy civilisation by poisoning us all.† Societies all around the world have been under the ‘attack’ of the moral panics countlessRead MorePower Of The Fourth Estate : How Does New Media Coverage On Polarized Criminal Justice?2420 Words   |  10 PagesFollowing the strong misuse of power exemplified during the Holocaust ten years prior, the citizens of the United States possessed a strong distaste for communism and those who associated with its dealings. Senator Joseph McCarthy produced a national panic within the United States when he declared to have had a list of communist infiltrators within both the state and federal departmental agencies. Senator McCarthy captured the attention of the American public with his televised ambiguous investigationRead MoreSociological and Psychological Theories of Crime Causation1978 Words    |  8 Pagesthat is often credited with the development of the labelling theory. However the origins of this theory can be traced back to sociologists at the beginning of the twentieth century who made invaluable contributions to the creation of the â€Å"labelling† concept. The first was Charles Cooley who wrote â€Å"Human Nature and the Social Order† in 1902, in which he introduced the term the â€Å"looking glass self†. This idea suggests that an individual will respond to society based on how the individual thinks society

A Dystopian Society By George Orwell - 954 Words

A dystopian society is one with restricted freedom, whose values are worshipped by citizens who live in fear of surveillance or punishment. In 1984 by George Orwell, the protagonist lives in a futuristic world, controlled by big brother and the inner party over aspects of human life. In Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Jr, the fear of egalitarian policies, and the dangers of equality take over. In The Purge by James DeMonaco, the citizens relief to self-regulate violence and to protect themselves and their family from the protagonist. All dystopian literature shares similar characteristics, winston which is the protagonist in 1984, he lives in a society where the government takes over and tries to brainwash the citizens making them believe they live in a illusion of a perfect world. Winston is depicted and physically ill, but strong enough not to give in. â€Å"Who controls the past controls the future, who controls the present controls the past.† (Orwell 12). George Bergero n is the protagonist in Harrison Bergeron, the government makes him wear a radio, which broadcasts noise over these radios to interrupt the thoughts of smart people like George. ‘’Screams and barking cries of consternation came from the television set’’ (Vonnegut 2). Sergeant was the protagonist in the purge, he risked his life by saving others life for a night of horror. The Purge, Harrison Bergeron, and 1984 were all based off government, society where there is limiting and controlling the population. ‘’WeShow MoreRelatedThe Dystopian Society By George Orwell1287 Words   |  6 Pages George Orwell’s book known as nineteen eighty four is a story based on a dystopian society.Citizens of the dystopian society are currently spied on by their big powerful leader.This dystopian society uses all sorts of techniques to have the citizens of Oceania under control.Techniques out of this world are used in the dystopian society. The ruler of this dystopian society has absolute power over this society.Whether the citizens of Oceania realize it or not there ruler is always alert of everyRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Dystopian Society1851 Words   |  8 Pages In his novel 1984, George Orwell portrays a perfectly dystopian society: an all-powerful government, its repressed people, and the detailed mechanisms that allow these two vastly different groups to take place and interact as they do. The book serves as a caution of what would happen if people succumbed to the chains forced on or offered to them by the mighty. Methods similar to the ones used by the government in 1984 to hold on to leadership of the state are also being used by the 2016 presidentialRead MoreDystopian Society In 1984 By George Orwell, And Harrison Bergeron846 Words   |  4 Pagespeople were controlled by fear. Dystopian societies are mostly controlled by a mean and power hungry leader which makes it hard for the citizens grow, themselves and have their own thoughts.Some of the citizens don’t really know they are being controlled and others are wide awake but scared to speak up and rebel against this power hungry leaders. The works â€Å"1984 by George Orwell , â€Å"Brave New world by Aldous Huxley, and Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut all have dystopian elements with varying degreesRead MoreThe Dystopian Society of Oceania in the Novel 1984 by George Orwell880 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage and power are crucial to controlling the population and since language has the power in politics to mask the truth and mislead the public, one could use them both to increase public awareness of this power. In the dystopian society of Oceania in George Orwells novel 1984, Orwell gives readers a glimpse at how power and language relationship can be used to gain control of the public. In order to display one’s dominance, power is the key factor that should be displayed to gain control over theRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1285 Words   |  6 PagesMr.Booth Period 6 English 12/3/14 Author Study of George Orwell George Orwell was a literary tactician who won two major awards because of hia advanced and intriguing use of propaganda. At first glance, his books appear to be stories about animals, however, they contain much deeper and influential meanings. Orwell is most recognized for his portrayal of dystopian societies and how they parallel present society. Through intense allegories, Orwell unintentionally crafted novels that are applicableRead MoreThe Dystopian Novel, Brave New World By Aldous Huxley And Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe dystopian fiction genre has been created through fear of the future and delivered through horrifying stories with strong sexual undertones. The realization of important truths is not an easy task for most people, so dystopian novelists must resort to various fairly extreme methods to make sure that there is no mistaking the message. Authors such as George Orwell, Ray Bradbury, and Aldous Huxley extend characteristics of their societies to the breaking point in order to warn the public toRead MoreAnalysis Of Dystopian Literature1066 Words   |  5 Pagesmay peek interest. The dystopian genre is unique and offers readers both suspense and action with a balance between reality and fantasy. â€Å"Dystopian literature is a genre of fictional writing used to explore social and political structures in ‘a dark, nightmare world† (Questia par 1). In order to form this nightmare world, the author must send a message of warning to readers regarding the reality of their characters, often manipulating literary devices to do so. The dystopian atmosphere is composedRead MoreConsider how the natural development of narrative techniques in George Orwell’s 1984 creates a600 Words   |  3 Pagestechniques in George Orwell’s 1984 creates a theme of individualism verses state. What was the point in writing such an obvious theme, since a dystopia is the prime example of an imperfect world? He uses extremely well-developed techniqu es to demonstrate the dystopian society. Specifically, Orwell uses symbols as well as the setting to thoroughly contribute to the idea of a totalitarian state in his dystopian society; the ideas are in symbolic objects, themes, and characters. Orwell clearly suggestsRead MoreLiterary Context Of Dystopian Literature1746 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Context Dystopian literature presents a chilling and depressing view of the future in which society itself is generally the antagonist of the story and seems to work against the protagonist’s aims and desires. Dystopian literature explores the many problems within our society and uses them to create a dark and nightmare world, in which squalor, poverty or oppression are present. It acts as a cautionary tale for readers and brings to light the many flaws in humanity, which makes it impossibleRead MoreThe Dystopian Novel, By George Orwell, And Andrew Niccol s `` Harrison Bergeron ``1222 Words   |  5 Pagesstrength (Orwell 7) this is one of the very many slogans that were used to control society in George Orwell s piece 1984. Dystopian literature is a futuristic universe that is oppressive and uses bureaucratic, totalitarian, and/or technological control to control society. In Orwell s Dystopian book 1984, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr s short story Harrison Bergeron, and Andrew Niccol s film In time, there are many examples of a Dystopia is that contain a lot of comparisons between the stories. Dystopian literature

Sustainability Reporting In Accounting Wesfarmers Limited

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Reporting in Accounting for Wesfarmers Limited. Answer: Introduction Sustainability reporting mainly puts focus on an organizations financial condition and its ability to run its business in the competitive world. The sustainability report of a firm helps an investor to understand the condition of the firm (financial) easily and based on the situation, they invest for earning higher return. In this study, the sustainability report of an ASX listed firm named Wesfarmers Limited has been analyzed in detail for understanding the present situation of the organization and along with it to identify the contemporary issues related with the organization. Therefore, this report will help the stakeholders of the firm to understand whether their long-goals will be met by the corporation or not. Additionally, sustainability report helps to reveal significant phases towards attaining sustainable worldwide economy (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer, 2014). Moreover, this will help to explain the overall responsibility of the operations of the organization and its imp act on the society. This will enhance the trust and will assist the method for value sharing. However, the information of sustainability will be used by the particular nations government in order to appraise the sustainability report of a firm and its contribution (Ioannou and Serafeim, 2016). Thus, it will assist to manage the problems that are faced by Wesfarmers. Sustainability Reporting in Accounting It has been found that Wesfarmers Limited intends to create value for future and it remains committed to the management of society and its influence on the ecosystem. The particular corporations sustainability report can be characterized into the following types: People Wesfarmers Limited mainly highlights on maintaining a safe workplace for its workforces and also intends to create a widespread work environment. It has been found that this particular type of work environment is primarily concentrated by the gender diversity and the residents of Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). Sourcing Wesfarmers Limited has various values but one of the most important is the sourcing. This mainly undertakes the ethical sourcing and the suppliers of the firm. Moreover, it can be said that the suppliers of the particular organization are entrusted towards the development of pleasant and sturdy association (Junior, Best and Cotter, 2014). Thus, the ethical sourcing founds to strive hard to find the more responsible way and also to develop the practices of the society. Community The other intention of the particular firm Wesfarmers Limited is to provide service to the society or the community through providence of healthy and safe workplace environment to its staffs and its end consumers (Hahn and Khnen, 2013). Moreover, the firm promised to provide the products as well as the services safely. Environment This particular factor is also considered a vital aspect for the corporation Wesfarmers Limited and thus it intended to protect its environment form any harm. Particularly, the organization aimed to reduce its emission rate of pollution and wants to bring in development in the flexibility of the climatic change. As a result, water utilization and reduction of waste by landfill have been practiced by the organization. Governance This particular factor is also adopted by the firm Wesfarmers with the aim to maintain and control the vigorous policies of the corporate governance, especially in the operational activities of the organization (Buhr, Gray and Milne, 2014). It has been found that Wesfarmers Limited has intended to create values for the investors (potential), societies and employees on an overall manner. It can also be said that the corporation decided to maintain the creation of long-term and to serve to the societies. This implies for the specified firm, sustainability report is concerned as the conceptualization of the process of managing various ways to ensure the best possible actions in order to develop values for future (Cho et al., 2015). Additionally, Wesfarmers aimed to deduce its own carbon footprint to its potential clients. It has been found that Wesfarmers spontaneously improves its level of performance and public reports from the sustainability report on a yearly basis. Moreover, it has been found that Wesfarmers has brought in clearness to its regulations, particularly in its supply chain department. The firm provides audit program to more than 3200 factories. On the other way, the corporation is mainly concerned with the practices of ethical sourcing like transparency in the supply chain. Thus, Wesfarmers prepares various strategies for deducing emission of gases (greenhouse) by at least 2 % for bringing into environmentally viable actions (Milne and Gray, 2013). Language of Accounting According to Buhr, Gray and Milne (2014), the sustainability report mainly assists to bring in together the inclusive evaluation of the financial performance of the firm through the assessment of the weaknesses and strengths of the corporation. It is especially assessed after the engagement of the corporation with its investors as well as stakeholders. Moreover, it can also be said that this particular practice of preparing sustainability report would turn up the vision of progressing and the strategies of the organization. Based on this, it can be revealed that the practices of making sustainable report would mainly put emphasis on the procedure of reducing the expense of the organization. In other words, it can also be said that the sustainability reporting primarily puts spotlight on the making of particular policies that assists the particular fim to reduce its operational expenses and also assists in making compliance by the help of proper measurement. Thus, accurate dimension i s required for every firm to gauge the various levels of performance of sustainability. Depending on detailed study and analysis of the sustainability reporting of a firm, it can be said that this would aid the specified corporation to get satisfied with various authoritarian commitments in an effective way. In addition to these, the sustainability report of a business corporation help the particular organization to acquire aggressive advantages through the process of magnetizing more amount of asset. Furthermore, this reporting process also helps the corporation in taking essential actions in the method of penetration of the new market. It has been noted that in the year 2006, the code of ethics had been incorporated within the operation of the firm, especially for the Professional Accountants and had been amended for 2008 (Milne and Gray, 2013). This was declared at the period of presentation of the standards in accordance to the APESB (Accounting Professional and Ethical Standard s Board). However, all these standards have been represented and founded in the Initiative of the Global Reporting. Recent Social Issues in Accounting and its Effect on Several Stakeholders It has been noted that the firm Wesfarmers Limited has various accounting issues at present and thus these should be reduced by the management of the firm as far as possible. Wesfarmers face issues regarding material sustainability. The corporation aimed to retort all the problems that are related to material sustainability through the procedure of delivering various strategies in certain efficient ways. Moreover, Wesfarmers strives hard to manage its dependability towards the employees safety. Additionally, the corporation also required improvement in the total rate of injury; particularly those are recordable for identifying the negligible factors. It can be said that Wesfarmers should provide 1 % of its total profitability amount (pre-tax profits) to the programs of the society that occur locally and nationally (Ball, Grubnic and Birchall, 2014). Therefore, Wesfarmers should prepare various policies in order to deduce the emission quantity of greenhouse gases to the environment; h owever, it has been found that the corporation failed in the previous period. Moreover, Wesfarmers did not succeed to perform any kind of important environmental events in the last year. As a result, the firm should put emphasis on bringing benefit to the society and also to the environment and ecosystem as a whole. It has been found that the particular firm actively manages the society as an environment and follows ten key values that are associated with the reduction of sustainability issues, which have been detected from the material features of the firm (Martnez?Ferrero, Garcia?Sanchez and Cuadrado?Ballesteros, 2015). Wesfarmers intends to serve a healthy and safe workplace to its staffs and this addresses the conflicts in the firm by the formation of comprehensive environment. Based on detailed analysis, it can be said that there is a space for the development of the safety initiatives and performances. Moreover, it has been noted that the firm monitor its workplace well and use various strategies for identifying any kind of hazards. This implies the corporation incorporates checking of performance plane in the both Injury care programs and Safety Activity Book (Rinaldi, Unerman and Tilt, 2014). The sustainability report of the firm Wesfarmers clearly implies that various ways through which this particular firm strives in order to decrease the companys waste for landfill and water utilization. In addition, the sustainability reports help to illustrate the maintenance strategies of corporate governance (Lynch, Lynch and Casten, 2014). However, this particular report does not succeed in specifying the difference between the actual figures and the targeted figures of the firm. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Wesfarmers is greatly sustainable in character. Thus, its overall operations about the accounting concepts of the sustainability report have been highlighted in this study. Moreover, this study also highlights that value additions and sustainability reporting are mandatory for understanding the significance of sustainability. From the above analysis, it can be said that sustainability report of a firm helps it to detect the main issues of the business. Additionally, sustainability report helps to add value to a business and it assists to generate trust among the stakeholders and also help the firm to maintain transparency in its operations. Lastly, it can be said that sustainability report assists to expand the business and to make decision. Reference Ball, A., Grubnic, S. and Birchall, J., 2014. 11 Sustainability accounting and accountability in the public sector.Sustainability accounting and accountability, p.176. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014.Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Buhr, N., Gray, R. and Milne, M.J., 2014. Histories, rationales, voluntary standards and future prospects for sustainability reporting.Sustainability accounting and accountability, pp.51-71. Cho, C.H., Laine, M., Roberts, R.W. and Rodrigue, M., 2015. Organized hypocrisy, organizational faades, and sustainability reporting.Accounting, Organizations and Society,40, pp.78-94. Hahn, R. and Khnen, M., 2013. Determinants of sustainability reporting: a review of results, trends, theory, and opportunities in an expanding field of research.Journal of Cleaner Production,59, pp.5-21. Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2016. The consequences of mandatory corporate sustainability reporting: evidence from four countries. Junior, R.M., Best, P.J. and Cotter, J., 2014. Sustainability reporting and assurance: a historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.1-11. Lynch, M.F., Lynch, N. and Casten, D., 2014. The expanding use of sustainability reporting.The CPA Journal. Martnez?Ferrero, J., Garcia?Sanchez, I.M. and Cuadrado?Ballesteros, B., 2015. Effect of financial reporting quality on sustainability information disclosure.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(1), pp.45-64. Milne, M.J. and Gray, R., 2013. W (h) ither ecology? The triple bottom line, the global reporting initiative, and corporate sustainability reporting.Journal of business ethics,118(1), pp.13-29. Rinaldi, L., Unerman, J. and Tilt, C., 2014. The role of stakeholder engagement and dialogue within the sustainability accounting and reporting process.Sustainability accounting and accountability, pp.86-107. Wesfarmers.com.au. 2017.Wesfarmers.com.au. [online] Available at: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/ [Accessed 16 Jan. 2017].

Derby Evening Telegraph Essay Example

Derby Evening Telegraph Essay Media is the plural of the word medium, which often refers to different ways of communicating with other people; if the target is a large number of people, then it is called mass media. There are many types of media, such as TV, radio, films, newspaper, Internet etc. The main purpose of media is to entertain; however they can also be used to persuade, inform, explain and advice. Media can be very powerful; therefore people are influenced and affected by them. The two articles we have looked at for analysis have a common theme both talks about the dangers and long-term effects of tanning.The first article is from The Big Issues and the second is from Derby Evening Telegraph. The Big Issue is a magazine sold on the streets of big cities; Derby Evening Telegraph is a local tabloid paper. Tanning has not always been very fashionable. In the Tudor times, untanned skin was considered to be a sign of wealth and status. People who were tanned were often labourers and peasants working outside on the farms. However in the nineteen twenties, when Coco Chanel, a top designer, returned from the Mediterranean with a tan, people thought that it was very attractive.Nevertheless not everybody could afford to travel abroad for a tan, it was only in the sixties, when package holidays came into place, going abroad was made possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Derby Evening Telegraph specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Derby Evening Telegraph specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Derby Evening Telegraph specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nowadays, if people are tanned, it means that they have money to go on holiday abroad. The Big Issue, as mentioned before, is a magazine sold on the streets, and the profit goes to the homeless people. It was founded in nineteen ninety-four. The Derby Evening Telegraph is a local tabloid paper founded in eighteen seventy-nine with a circulation of approximately five and a half thousand.The two texts have been written with different intentions and they both have specific target audiences. The first text, Sun Vampires from The Big Issue, has been written to inform the readers of the dangers and long-term effects of tanning. Other purposes include: to ridicule the tanorexics, to advice people about the proper method of tanning and to warn those who are beginning to go on the sunbeds. The main target audience of this article is the younger generations of the society who are more likely to get addicted to tanning on sunbeds.Nevertheless to some extent, the authorial intent is to entertain and titillate leisurely readers who are looking for something to amuse the mind. In order to achieve the purpose and communicate the ideas to the readership, the writer uses vernacular language such as fork out, one hell of a habit and lets face it, and modern names, e. g. Peter Andre and Bros these techniques appeal greatly to the young people and therefore convey the message more effectively.The writer also grabs the attention of casual readers by using a light-hearted tone- as a result of this, the reader wouldnt be too shocked or frightened, thus willing to buy another copy of the magazine in the future. The second text, Face the fact the sun is a real danger, from Derby Evening Telegraph (DET), have similar purposes to the Sun Vampires: to inform, to advice and to warn. However, unlike Sun Vampires, this article concentrates more on one particular event, rather than the general overview of suntanning. This is because of the difference in the readerships.This article has been specifically written for the people of Derby. So by using a local story, the readers can relate themselves to it more, therefore are likely to be swayed by the contents of the text. An example of that is the inclusion of a local skin specialist nurse, i. e. Karen Elton; the readers might trust a local professional more than an external one because the chances are that they have heard of the expert somewhere before or have had contact with him or her. A possible age group of the target audience is middle-aged women.Younger girls might find it hard to relate to the older woman in the article because of the huge age difference. The words fact and danger suggest that the article is going to be serious, therefore it becomes less appealing to the younger girls. The citizens living in Derby, the main readership of D. E. T, are more likely to alert to the dangers of tanning and sense the urgency, because the story is happening very close to them. In order to effectively convey the messages many presentational devices are used in the two texts.The headline is bold print and immediately attracts casual browsers attention, hence making them interested in the article. The headline is positioned in a very eye-catching place: right at the top; the casual browsers is one of the target audiences and the headline would quickly meet their eyes. The strapline, which is just below the headline, gives more information about the headline, as if defining the words, Sun Vampires. However, it is not as important as the main headline, therefore it is in a slightly smaller font and less bold.The middle-sized picture of a young woman on a sunbed is a reflection of the headline. In the same way as the headline, the image shows contrast: the white sunbed Sun compares to the burnt skin Vampires. This helps the readers build much more vivid images of what Sun Vampires look like. Furthermore, a sunbed has connotations of a vampires coffin and the girl with blackened skin symbolises a vampire; this shocking image exaggerates the writers point and is almost an artistic translation of the headline. The illustration also assists to convey the message: it shows the long-term effects of tanning.This article is organised into columns, which makes it easier to read this is especially beneficial for the young readers that dont always have great concentration skills. Within the article, there are snippets of quotes from the text these are designed specifically for casual browsers who arent willing to read whole chunks of text to understand what the article is about. There isnt a caption to go with the illustration, however some may argue that the headline, Sun Vampires, in fact acts as a caption in someway.